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Common Conditions | Specialty Medications

HIV infection is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus. You can get HIV from contact with infected blood, semen, or vaginal fluids. Most people get the virus by having unprotected sex with someone who has HIV. Another common way of getting it is by sharing drug needles with someone who is infected with HIV.

Primary infection (Acute HIV)

Some people infected by HIV develop a flu-like illness within two to four weeks after the virus enters the body. This illness, known as primary (acute) HIV infection, may last for a few weeks. Possible signs and symptoms include:

  • Fever
  • Headache
  • Muscle aches and joint pain
  • Rash
  • Sore throat and painful mouth sores
  • Swollen lymph glands, mainly on the neck
  • Diarrhea
  • Weight loss
  • Cough
  • Night sweats

These symptoms can be so mild that you might not even notice them. However, the amount of virus in your bloodstream (viral load) is quite high at this time. As a result, the infection spreads more easily during primary infection than during the next stage.

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When cells grow old or become damaged, they die, and new cells take their place. Sometimes this orderly process breaks down, and abnormal or damaged cells grow and multiply when they shouldn't. These cells may form tumors, which are lumps of tissue. Tumors can be cancerous or not cancerous (benign).

Some general signs and symptoms associated with, but not specific to, cancer, include:

  • Fatigue
  • Lump or area of thickening that can be felt under the skin
  • Weight changes, including unintended loss or gain
  • Skin changes, such as yellowing, darkening or redness of the skin, sores that won't heal, or changes to existing moles
  • Changes in bowel or bladder habits
  • Persistent cough or trouble breathing
  • Difficulty swallowing
  • Hoarseness
  • Persistent indigestion or discomfort after eating
  • Persistent, unexplained muscle or joint pain
  • Persistent, unexplained fevers or night sweats
  • Unexplained bleeding or bruising

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High blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, and smoking are key risk factors for heart disease. Several other medical conditions and lifestyle choices can also put people at a higher risk for heart disease, including: Diabetes. Overweight and obesity.
  • Chest tightness or pressure.
  • Difficulty catching your breath.
  • Dizziness or fainting.
  • Fatigue.
  • Fluid build up.
  • Heart palpitations (heart pounding or racing).
  • Pain or numbness in your legs or arms.
  • Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting.

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There are three main types of injectables.

The most common one is Botox, but other options include Xeomin, Dysport, and Jeuveau.

Injectable fillers are most commonly used for the face, but unbeknownst to most, they are often administered in other parts of the body as well. Because they are non-invasive, dermal fillers have become a popular choice when looking to restore lost volume, smooth out fine lines, or diminish wrinkles

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Common causes of musculoskeletal pain include:

  • Overuse injuries
  • Bone fractures
  • Joint dislocation 
  • Direct blows to muscles, bones, or joints
  • Poor posture
  • Sprains

Common musculoskeletal pain symptoms include:

  • Aching and stiffness
  • Muscle twitches
  • Burning sensations in the muscles
  • Fatigue
  • Sleep disturbances
  • Pain that worsens with movement

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There are different causes for different types of diabetes:
Type 1: Doctors don’t know exactly what causes type 1 diabetes. Genes may play a role in some people. For whatever reason, the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas.
Type 2: This is a result of a combination of genetics and lifestyle. Being overweight or obese increases the risk too. Carrying extra weight makes cells more resistant to the effects of insulin on your blood sugar.

  • General diabetes symptoms include: 

    • Blurry vision
    • Extreme fatigue
    • Weight loss
    • Sores that don’t heal
    • Increased hunger
    • Increased thirst
    • Frequent urination

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Injections of insulin can help manage both types of diabetes. The injected insulin acts as a replacement for, or a supplement to, your body’s natural insulin.

People living with type 1 diabetes can’t make insulin, so they must inject insulin to control their blood glucose levels.

Many people living with type 2 diabetes can manage their blood glucose levels with lifestyle changes and oral medication. However, if these treatments don’t help control glucose levels, people living with type 2 diabetes may also need supplemental insulin.

Typically, a blood glucose reading of less than 70 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) is considered too low for almost anyone using insulin, but you should talk with your doctor about what is too low for you.

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This is called deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Once a clot has formed in the deep veins of the leg, there is a potential for part of the clot to break off and travel through the blood to another area of the body, often the lung. DVT is the most common cause of a pulmonary embolism.

DVT signs and symptoms can include:

  • Swelling in the affected leg. Rarely, there's swelling in both legs.
  • Pain in your leg. The pain often starts in your calf and can feel like cramping or soreness.
  • Red or discoloured skin on the leg.
  • A feeling of warmth in the affected leg.
  • Deep vein thrombosis can occur without noticeable symptoms.

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The types of medications that can be compounded are endless. But you may be interested to learn that there are also different ways that medications can be delivered through compounding. Some of the different types of delivery options include:

  • Injectables
  • Serums
  • Creams
  • Lozenges
  • Gels
  • Suppositories
  • Capsules

The primary reason for compounding is to avoid patient non-compliance, which means the patient is either unable or unwilling to use the medication as directed. Many patients are allergic to preservatives or dyes, or require a dosage that is different from the standard drug strengths.

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